Intermediates are semi-finished products, which are intermediate products in the production of certain products, such as to produce a product, which can be produced from intermediates to save costs.
Intermediates are available from cyclic compounds such as benzene, naphthalene and anthracene by sulphonation, alkali fusion, nitration, reduction and other reactions. For example, benzene is nitrated into nitrobenzene and then reduced into aniline, which can be chemically processed into dyes, drugs, vulcanisation accelerators etc. Both nitrobenzene and aniline are intermediates.
They are also made from acyclic compounds such as methane, acetylene, propylene, butane and butylene by dehydrogenation, polymerisation, halogenation, hydrolysis and other reactions. For example, butane or butene is dehydrogenated into butadiene, which can be chemically processed into synthetic rubber, synthetic fibres, etc. Butadiene is an intermediate.
Initially, it refers to the intermediate products produced during the synthesis of chemical products such as fragrances, dyes, resins, drugs, plasticizers and rubber accelerators using coal tar or petroleum products as raw materials. Now it refers generally to the various intermediates obtained in the process of organic synthesis.