CAS number：9004-61-9
molecular formula：C14H22NNaO11
molecular weight：403.31
EINECS number：232-678-0

English synonyms

[BETA-SODIUM-GLUCONATE-(1,3)-BETA-N-ACETYL-D-GLUCOSAMINE-1,4-]N;COPOLY(BETA-GLUCURONICACID-[1->3]-BETA-N-ACETYLGLUCOSAMINE-[1->4]SODIUMSALT;HYALURONICACIDNA-SALT;HYALURONICACID,SODIUMSALT,STREPTOCOCCUSSPECIES;HYALUROChemicalbookNICACIDSODIUM;HYALURONICACIDHUMANSODIUMSALT;acidhyaluronic;sodiuM(2S,3S,4R,5R,6R)-3-((2S,3R,5S,6R)-3-acetaMido-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxyMethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)-4,5,6-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylate

Related categories

;Substrates;Cnbio building block;

Introduction

Hyaluronic acid is an acidic mucopolysaccharide. With its unique molecular structure and physical and chemical properties, it displays a variety of important physiological functions in the body, such as lubricating joints, regulating the permeability of blood vessel walls, regulating proteins, and hydrolysis Chemicalbook Diffusion and operation, promoting wound healing, etc. What is particularly important is that hyaluronic acid has a special water-retaining effect and is the best moisturizing substance found in nature so far. It is called an ideal natural moisturizing factor.

●  Hyaluronic acid is a white amorphous solid, odorless, tasteless, and hygroscopic. Soluble in water, insoluble in organic solvents. The specific rotation of aqueous solution is -70°-80°. The most prominent feature is its high viscosity. The viscosity of its solution can decrease irreversibly under the following circumstances: pH value is lower than or higher than 7; hyaluronidase exists; many reducing substances such as cysteine , pyrogallic acid, ascorbic acid or the presence of heavy metal ions; (4) ultraviolet, electron beam irradiation, etc. A polymer composed of disaccharide Chemicalbook repeating units of (1→3)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-glucose-(1→4)-O-β-D-glucuronic acid When hydrolyzed, it produces a hexosamine (such as glucosamine) and a uronic acid (such as glucuronic acid). Originally only used as a biochemical reagent, it has now become a biochemical drug with high clinical value. It is widely present in various animal tissues in nature: connective tissue, umbilical cord, skin, human serum, chicken comb, joint synovial fluid, brain, cartilage, vitreous body of the eye, human urine, chicken embryos, rabbit eggs, artery and vein walls . Hyaluronic acid is often combined with proteins and coexists with other mucopolysaccharides. It exists in dissolved form in the vitreous body and synovial fluid, and in gel form in the comb and umbilical cord.Hyaluronic acid is a white amorphous solid, odorless, tasteless, and hygroscopic. Soluble in water, insoluble in organic solvents. The specific rotation of aqueous solution is -70°-80°. The most prominent feature is its high viscosity. The viscosity of its solution can decrease irreversibly under the following circumstances: pH value is lower than or higher than 7; hyaluronidase exists; many reducing substances such as cysteine , pyrogallic acid, ascorbic acid or the presence of heavy metal ions; (4) ultraviolet, electron beam irradiation, etc. A polymer composed of disaccharide Chemicalbook repeating units of (1→3)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-glucose-(1→4)-O-β-D-glucuronic acid When hydrolyzed, it produces a hexosamine (such as glucosamine) and a uronic acid (such as glucuronic acid). Originally only used as a biochemical reagent, it has now become a biochemical drug with high clinical value. It is widely present in various animal tissues in nature: connective tissue, umbilical cord, skin, human serum, chicken comb, joint synovial fluid, brain, cartilage, vitreous body of the eye, human urine, chicken embryos, rabbit eggs, artery and vein walls . Hyaluronic acid is often combined with proteins and coexists with other mucopolysaccharides. It exists in dissolved form in the vitreous body and synovial fluid, and in gel form in the comb and umbilical cord.Hyaluronic acid is a white amorphous solid, odorless, tasteless, and hygroscopic. Soluble in water, insoluble in organic solvents. The specific rotation of aqueous solution is -70°-80°. The most prominent feature is its high viscosity. The viscosity of its solution can decrease irreversibly under the following circumstances: pH value is lower than or higher than 7; hyaluronidase exists; many reducing substances such as cysteine , pyrogallic acid, ascorbic acid or the presence of heavy metal ions; (4) ultraviolet, electron beam irradiation, etc. A polymer composed of disaccharide Chemicalbook repeating units of (1→3)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-glucose-(1→4)-O-β-D-glucuronic acid When hydrolyzed, it produces a hexosamine (such as glucosamine) and a uronic acid (such as glucuronic acid). Originally only used as a biochemical reagent, it has now become a biochemical drug with high clinical value. It is widely present in various animal tissues in nature: connective tissue, umbilical cord, skin, human serum, chicken comb, joint synovial fluid, brain, cartilage, vitreous body of the eye, human urine, chicken embryos, rabbit eggs, artery and vein walls . Hyaluronic acid is often combined with proteins and coexists with other mucopolysaccharides. It exists in dissolved form in the vitreous body and synovial fluid, and in gel form in the comb and umbilical cord.

●Essential drug for ophthalmic “viscous surgery”. When used in cataract surgery, its sodium salt tends to remain in the anterior chamber, maintaining a certain depth in the anterior chamber, maintaining a clear surgical field of view, and reducing the occurrence of post-operative inflammation and complications. Chemicalbook thus improves the effect of surgical vision correction. Also used in complex retinal detachment surgeries. It is also used as an ideal natural moisturizing factor and is widely used in cosmetics. It can improve skin nutrition and make the skin radiant and delicate.

●Used as high-end cosmetic additives and also used in medicine

●Used as high-end cosmetic additives and also used in medicine

●  Skin-based production methods Shimada and Matsumura have designed two different methods. The first preparation method involves grinding freeze-dried rabbit skin pieces, defatting with acetone, adding 0.5 mol/L sodium chloride solution to make a homogenate, precipitating with cetylpyridinium chloride, and continuously dissolving in increasing concentrations of chlorine. in sodium chloride solution, and then dissolved in 0.5mol/L sodium chloride solution. The 0.5mol/L sodium chloride component was further purified by DEAE-Sephadex chromatography to obtain hyaluronic acid with a relative molecular weight of 1×104-7.2× 104. In the second preparation method, the rabbit skin pieces are directly degreased (without freeze-drying and mechanical crushing), suspended in water, heated and extracted at 100°C, and the extract is treated with pronase and Dnase, and further purified by SephadexG-75 and Sepharose4B. The relative molecular weight is 1.6×105-1.3×106. The yields of the two methods are similar, and the first method may degrade hyaluronic acid due to mechanical treatment. Chemicalbook method 4. Preparation method using sheep eyeballs as raw materials. Thaw the frozen sheep eyeballs with water, peel off the vitreous body, melt and centrifuge, separate the supernatant, add acetone, place, centrifuge, and dissolve the precipitate in 1mol/L sodium chloride solution. , stir, centrifuge. Add trichloroacetic acid to the supernatant, centrifuge, separate the supernatant, adjust the pH to neutral with sodium chloride, add 3 times the amount of 95% ethanol to precipitate, dehydrate with ethanol and acetone, and dry in a P2O5 vacuum dryer to obtain Sodium hyaluronate crude product, the yield accounts for 2.8% of the dry weight of the vitreous body. Dissolve the crude product in sodium hydroxide solution, add treated bleaching earth for adsorption, centrifuge, collect the supernatant, and add cetylpyridinium bromide (CPB) solution to obtain sodium hyaluronate-CPB complex precipitation. The precipitate was washed, dissociated with 0.4 mol/L chlorine, filtered, collected the clear liquid, precipitated with ethanol, dehydrated with ethanol and acetone, and dried in a P2O5 vacuum dryer to obtain sodium hyaluronate, yield Accounting for 62% of the dry weight of the crude product, the total yield was 1.8%.

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